Fruits, having an important place among the nutritional sources of mankind, have become one of the income resources of the states in addition to this function. Thus, fruit growing was one of the basic tax items also for the Ottoman State, an agricultural state. Especially the increase in the agricultural product demand of the European countries, industrialized rapidly in the 19th century, enabled the development of trade in this field. The developments experienced affected the production, industry and trade of fruits. Fruit growing made a progress with this respect to the end of the century in question also in the Palestine region, a part of the Ottoman soils. The most important ones of the fruits grown inside the borders of Palestine was olive, orange, grape, fig, and almond. The olive trees were planted especially in the Jerusalem, Nablus districts, the oranges Akka, Haifa, Jaffa, Gaza districts in the Mediterranean shore strip and near Jerusalem in the midlands. Grape, fig and almond were prominent mainly in Jaffa, Jerusalem and Gaza. Furthermore, a lot of fruits such as lemon, apricot, apple, plum, pear, banana, date, walnut, watermelon, mulberry, and pomegranate were produced in the region. The fruit production in the region was conducted in the yards established according to the modern techniques of the period, in addition to the conventional methods. The Ottoman administration enabled tax payment eases for the public for incenting them in topics such as increasing the number of orchards and increasing the product quality. Furthermore, the saplings, grown according to the soil and climate conditions, in the ranches belonging to the state were distributed among the producers and the farmers were supported in agricultural struggles made against plant diseases and pests. The fruits produced also enabled that an industry, depending on the fruits, emerged in Palestine. The olive oil and soap, derived from olive and the factories based on grape became the basic industrial branches of the region. Some of the fresh fruits grown and industrial products were demanded in the domestic market of the Ottoman. A substantial part was procured by means of the agents of the commercial company representatives, belonging to the foreign countries, and exported to the countries such as Egypt, Britain, France, Germany, and United States. Among the products exported to these countries at the beginning of the 20th century, Jaffa oranges came first, famous in the world with its quality. In the study, the fruit cultivation, made in Palestine, and the problems such as water, sapling, disease, security, land ownership and tax burden, faced by the producers, in the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of 20th century, were discussed. The activities conducted by the Ottoman administration to solve these will also be covered. Besides, the industrial branches, depending on fruit, and fruit trade will also be elaborated. With the information we reveal, we aim to contribute to the researches made for the agriculture, industry and trade of Palestine in the last period of Ottoman. When preparing the study, the Ottoman Archive documents, found in the Presidency of State Archives of Presidency of Turkish Republic, agriculture and trade statistics, the periodicals of the relevant period and research works will be used.