The city of Jerusalem is one of the most important cities in the world in terms of religious, historical, and cultural significance. It has been and continues to be a focal point of international conflicts. During the period when it was ruled by the Ottoman Empire, the city witnessed remarkable instances of peaceful coexistence, particularly in the 19th century. Therefore, we aimed to study this aspect through a research paper titled ""Jerusalem in the 19th Century: Religious Conditions and Peaceful Coexistence in the Late Ottoman Era."" The paper consists of an introduction and two main sections. The first section focuses on the historical background of Jerusalem in the 19th century, divided into three parts: 1. A historical overview of Jerusalem and its historical stages. 2. The political conditions and the status of Jerusalem within the Ottoman system. 3. The Ottoman reforms (Tanzimat) and their impact on the city. The research yielded several key findings, including: 1. Jews, Christians, and other religious communities thrived only under the Islamic empires, particularly during the Ottoman Caliphate. 2. Turkey's historical, geographical, and political significance remains central in contemporary international conflicts. It is not easy to diminish Turkey's role on the global stage, despite attempts to reduce its influence and presence. The Palestinian cause is inherently linked to Turkey. 3. The Ottomans were the greatest defenders of Jerusalem and provided a safe haven for Muslims and the inhabitants of the city. We can draw significant lessons from this historical period of coexistence in Jerusalem and apply them, in some form, to the present reality.