Palaeo-biologists believe that the plague or the Y. pestis bacterium that causes it, originated in China or the former Soviet Union 2,600 years ago and spread by various means to Europe, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia. In the 14th century, plague ravaged Europe, killing millions of people. It was a disease characterised by festering boils and glandular tumours that were not seen in any other febrile disease. Because of these festering boils and the black spots on the skin that signalled decay, the plague was called the Black Death in Germany and the northern kingdoms of Europe, and La Mortalega Grande, the Great Death, in Italy. All medieval records attribute the spread of plague to rats, and indeed the bacterium Pasteurrella prestos or Y. pestis is known to have been carried by fleas of infected rats. Plague also spread in India during the Middle Ages. Ibn Batuta, the famous traveller of the XIVth century, reported that when Muhammad bin Tughluk (1324-51) was staying with his army in Bidar, bubonic plague broke out and caused heavy casualties. When Babur founded the Baburid Empire in northern India in 1526, plague was not very common. However, this disease spread during the reign of his successors. In particular, on the eleventh anniversary of Jahangir Shah's accession to the throne in 1605, i.e. in 1616, it extended to Punjab, Lahore, Sirhind, Doab, and Delhi. By 1619, this disease had spread to the capital Agra, and other parts of the Bābürlu Empire. For this reason, we have chosen the plague epidemic that lasted between 1616-1619 in the borders of the Baburid Empire during the reign of Jahangir Shah as the subject of our study. The epidemic in question is important because it was the first major epidemic in the reign of Jahangir Shah and caused great losses in and around the capital Agra. In this study, by consulting the main sources of the period, the symptoms of this epidemic that occurred during the reign of Jahangir Shah, its effects on people, the measures taken, and its results were investigated. From the findings we have obtained, it has been determined that this epidemic had harmful consequences for the Bâbürlü Empire in the political, social, commercial and economic fields. The fact that Jahangir Shah could not enter the capital Agra during the plague epidemic, which meant that he stayed away from the administrative centre of the state, was the most important negative political consequence of this epidemic. In addition, the contagious and lethal effect of the plague paved the way for family members to stay away from each other and some settlements to be abandoned. These developments show themselves as the negative effects of the epidemic in the social sphere. However, the transmission of the epidemic through commercial activities made it obligatory to store commercial products in safe places instead of selling them. For this reason, it is seen that commercial activities in and around Agra, where the epidemic was effective, slowed down. Although the sources do not provide any quantitative data, the fact that the outbreak only negatively affected the commercial life in and around the capital clearly shows that the country's economy was damaged by the epidemic.